|
AAPRA
Appendix 1. CCIM curriculum for BAMS degree program in AMI
CENTRAL
COUNCIL OF INDIAN MEDICINE, STATUTARY BODY UNDER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA,
MINISTRY OF HEALTH &
FAMILY WELFARE
MINIMUM STANDARD
OF EDUCATION IN INDIAN MEDICINE FOR AYURVEDACHARYA (BAMS)(Minimum Standards of
Education in Indian Medicine) Regulations, 1986 , New Delhi, the 13th July, 1989
13.1
NUMBER OF LECTURES PRACTICAL
AND EMONSTRATIONS
FOR VARIOUS SUBJECTS:MMINIMUM STANDARD OF EDUCATION IN INDIAN
MEDCINE FOR AYURVEDACHARYA
NOTE: The period
of theory and practical shall not be less than 60 minutes (one hour)
duration. The duration of the practical of clinical subjects and Rachna NUMBER
OF LECTURES PRACTICAL
AND DEMONSTRATIONS FOR VARIOUS SUBJECTS:
|
Subject
|
Lectures (hours)
|
Practical and
Demonstrations
|
SUBJECTS OF FIRST PROFESSIONAL
|
1. Ayurved Ka
Itihas (History of AMI)
|
60
|
--
|
|
2. Sanskrit (Language)
|
150
|
--
|
|
3. Padarth Vigyan (Ayu
Physics)
|
150
|
30
|
|
4. Astang Sangrah,
(Text)
|
60
|
--
|
|
5.RachnaSharir
(Anatomy)
|
210
|
210
|
|
6. Kriya Sharir
(Physiology)
|
210
|
90
|
Total
780 330
Sharir
(Dissection) shall be of at least 120 minutes (Two hours).
SUBJECTS OF SECOND
PROFESSIONAL
|
Subjects
|
Lectures
|
Practical and
Demonstrations
|
|
7. Swastha
Vritta (Hygiene)
|
180
|
50
|
|
8. Dravyagun Vigyan (Pharmacology)
|
180
|
90
|
|
9. Ras Shastra
Bhaishajya Kalpana (Drugs of herbal, mineral, metal and animal origin)
|
180
|
90
|
|
10. Agad Tantra
Vyavhar Ayurved Avam Vidhi Vaidyak (Toxicology and
Forensic Medicine)
|
100
|
50
|
|
11. Rog Vigyan Avam Vikriti Vigyan
(Pathology)
|
180
|
90
|
|
12. Charak Samhita
(Text)
|
100
|
--
|
Total 920 370
SUBJECTS OF THIRD
PROFESSIONAL:-
|
13. Prasuti Tantra
Avam Strirog (OB and GY)
|
150
|
In Hospital
|
|
|
|
3 Months
|
|
14. Kaumar Bharitya (Pediatrics)
|
90
|
1 Months
|
|
15.KayaChikitsa (Medicine)
|
400
|
12 Months
|
|
16. Shalya Tantra (Surgery)
|
210
|
6 Months
|
|
17. Shalakya Tantra (Eye, Ear, Nose and throat)
|
210
|
4 Months
|
|
18. Charak
Samhita (Text)
|
100
|
-------
|
Total 1160
13.2
The clinical training in the hospital attached with college to the students
shall be as below:
(i) KAYACHIKITSA
(INDOOR AND OUTDOOR): 12 MONTHS
(a)
General - 6 months
(b)
Panch Karma - 2 months
(c)
Manas Rog - 15 days
(d)
SankramakRog - 15 days
(e)
X-ray - 1 month
(f)
Atyayik - 2 months
(ii) SHALYA TANTRA (INDOOR): 6
MONTHS
(a)
General - 5 months (at least one month in O.T.)
(b)
Atyayik - 1 months
(iii) SHALAKYA
TANTRA (INDOOR & OUTDOOR) : 4 MONTHS
(a)
General - 3 months (at least one month in O.T.)
(b)
Atyayik -1 months
(iv) PRASUIT TANTRA AVAM STRIROG : 3 MONTHS
(v) KAUMAR BHRITYA :
1 MONTH
APPENDIX 2. AMI training centers in the US
1.
Ayurveda Institute of America, Foster City, CA Directed by Dr. Jay Apte
15
month diploma in Ayurvedic Sciences
www.ayurvedicinstitute.com
Tel:
650-341-8400
California College of Ayurveda, Grass Valley, CA
Director:
Dr. Marc Halpern
Offers:
16 month full time diploma program (Clinical Ayurveda Specialist
certification)
1/2
year part time diploma program
Both
followed by a 6 month internship
www.ayurvedacollege.com
Tel:
866-541-6699
2.
Ganesha Institute, Los Altos, CA
Directed
by Pratichi Mathur
www.healingmission.com
Tel:
650-961-8316
3.
Tulsi School of Ayurveda, Orange, CA
Directed
by Dr. Sneha Tilak, BAMS
Ayurvedic
basics, Yoga and meditation, offers conferences and seminars
Tel:
714-279-8680
Email: Vandana@tulsihealth.com
Web
site:www.tulsihealth.com
Colorado
4. Ayurvedic Certification Course, Denver,
CO
Director:
Pat Hansen, M.A., Colorado state certified, approved by the Ayurvedic
Institute, N.M.
padmashakti@earthlink.net
Tel:
303-512-0819
5.
Rocky Mountain Institute of Yoga & Ayurveda, Boulder, CO
Director:
Sarasvati Buhrman, PhD, Boulder CO 750 hour program Yoga Therapy &
Ayurveda AyurDoula
programrmiya@earthlink.net
Web site: www.rmiya.org
Tel:
303-499-2910
Florida
6. Hindu University
of America
Orlando, FL
Offers
Master's degrees in yoga and Ayurveda.
Web
site: www.hindu-University.edu
Email: staff@Hindu-University.edu
Tel:
407-275-0013
Directed
by Dr. Light Miller
Offers
Associate, Bachelor's and Master's degrees through Florida Vedic College.
www.ayurvedichealers.com
Email: earthess@aol.com
Tel:
941-929-0999
Massachusetts
8.
Kripalu School of Ayurveda, Lenox, MA
Dean
of Curriculum:Hilary J. Garivaltis, D.Ay.Web site: www.kripalu.org
Email: ksa@kripalu.org
Tel:
800-848-8702 X3
Classes
begin January 2005
New Jersey
9.
New Jersey Institute of Ayurveda
Director:
William Courson
Chief
Instructor : Dr. Aparna Bapat
www.starseedyoga.com
ayurveda@consultant.com
Tel:
(973) 783-1036, X7
10.
Ayurveda-Yoga Institute
Directors:
Gandharva Sauls and Sarah Tomlinson Chief Ancient Ayurveda Instructor:
Gandharva Sauls
Trainings
and CD correspondence www.ancient-ayurveda.com gandharva@earthlink.net Tel: 800-452-1798
New York
11.
Ayurvedic Holistic Center, Bayville, NY
Director:
Swami Sada Shiva Tirtha
www.ayurvedahc.com
12. New Mexico
The
Ayurvedic Institute, Albuquerque, NM
Director:
Dr. Vasant Lad
Level
I Ayurvedic Studies Program
Level
II Ayurvedic Studies Program
Pune
Gurukula Program
Ayurvedic
Correspondence Course
www.ayurveda.com
Tel:
505-291-9698
13.
American Institute of Vedic Science, Sante Fe, NM
Director:
Dr. David Frawley
Correspondence
course
www.vedanet.com
Tel:
505-983-9385
North Carolina
14. Blue Lotus Ayurveda Center, Asheville, NC
Director:
Vishnu Dass, NTS, LMT., C.Ayu.
www.bluelotusayurveda.com
Tel:
(828) 713-4266
15.
Wise Earth School
of Ayurveda, Candler, NC
Director:
Swamini Mayatitananda
www.wisearth.org
Tel:
828-258-9999
Pennsylvania
16.
Ojas Ayurveda & Yoga Institute, Inc., Macungie, PA
Director:
Dr.(Vaidya) Shekhar Annambhotla, B.A.M.S., M.D.(Ayurveda-India), YICC,
RYT-500
Web site: www.ojas.us Email: shekhar@ojas.us
Tel:
484-347-6110
Vermont
17.
Green Mountain Institute, White River
Jct, VT
Director:
Fred Duncan, D.Ay.
New:
offers a Master's degree in Ayurvedic Science. Integrates ayurveda with
modern health sciences.
www.greenmountaininstitute.com
Tel:
802-295-6629 Email: captaindraft@adelphia.net
Washington
18.
AYU Ayurvedic Academy,
Seattle, WA
Director:
Dr. Vivek Shanbhag
One-year
weekend program
Level
I 400 hours to Certified Ayurvedic Practitioner Level II 400 hours to Advanced
CAP Master's degree in coordination
with Hindu University
of America
Web site:www.ayurvedaonline.com
Email: drs@ayurvedaonline.com
Tel: 206-729-9999
Wisconsin School
19.
Kanyakumari Ayurveda Education & Retreat Center, Inc.
State
approved: Certified Ayurveda Educator and Practitioner Training Programs,
Panchakarma technician training. Yoga teacher training programs approved by
Yoga Alliance.
www.kanyakumari.us
Email: Kanyakumari@wi.rr.com
Tel:
414-228-7145
20. Kripalu School of Ayurveda
Lenox, MA
www.kripalu.org
Contact:
Hilary Garivaltis
Email: hilary@kripalu.org
Phone:
413-448-3324
21. HINDU UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA
113
N. Econlockhatchee Trail,
ORLANDO, FL 32825-3732
Phone: 407-275-0013 e-mail:
admin@hindu-university.edu
22. American Institute
of Vedic studies
PO Box 8357, Santa Fe NM 87504-8357
Ph:
505-983-9385
Dr.
David Frawley (Pandit Vamadeva Shastri)
Founder
and Director; www.vedanet.com
APPENDIX 3: Examples of conventional drugs banned
for serious adverse health effects
Banned
drugs: 1. Redux, 2. Pondimin ,3. Rezulin ,4. Lotronex ,5. Posicor,6. Seldane ,7. Hismanal ,8. Propulsid ,9. Duract Raxar,10. Rotashield and ,11.
Trovan.
There are many
more drugs that have serious side effects and may be banned in future.
Ritalin
,Bextra ,Vioxx ,Crestor , and Paxil
According
to a new study, conventional
medicine in the USA kills almost 1 million people yearly (Bolen Report 2004). An independent review
revealed that in most cases, “American medicine does more harm than good. Compelling evidence from this study
unveiled astounding statistics deaths per year that have resulted from
conventional medicine."
APPENDIX 4:
Government of India’s
Initiative to globalize Ayurveda (Adapted from the Government of India Department of Ayurveda
(Ayush) web site)
As a result many foreign countries have began
looking to India for understanding Ayurveda and incorporating it through
education, research and practice to meet the overwhelming desire of
consumers to access Complementary & Alternative Medicine. Indian
Missions in U.S.A., U.K., Russia, Germany, Hungary, South Africa have
played an effective role in channeling the information of Ayurveda and
opening up new opportunities for the spread of Indian Medicine in to
foreign institutions and the general public awareness building about
Ayurveda in the foreign countries has been identified as an important
thrust area. During 2001-2002 following efforts were made by the Indian
Govt. in the area of globalization: Experts were deputed to attend symposia
& Seminars held in foreign countries to project Indian experiences
& initiatives in the field of traditional medicine.
1. A
delegation led by Joint Secretary, Department of Indian Systems of Medicine
& Homoeopathy and consisting of Ayurveda experts, scientists and
industry representatives presented scientific basis of Ayurveda and the
extensive research work done before a Sub Committee on Alternative Medicine
set up by the House of Lords of the U.K. Parliament resulting in to moving
the Ayurvedic single herbal medicines from category-3 to category-1. This
presentation led to dispel doubts about the efficacy validity and
scientific basis of Ayurveda which was in fact acknowledged by Lord Walton
in the UK Parliament.
2. A Seminar cum Exhibition mainly of Ayurveda
was arranged in Geneva on the occasion of the World Health Assembly with a
view to sensitize the participants of the assembly about the
infrastructure, strengths, scientific validity & basis of Ayurveda and
efficacious role of Panchkarma in treatment of chronic diseases. The event
was well received and succeeded to generate interest for Ayurveda products
and literature.
3. Two seminars and a presentation of Indian
Systems of Medicine & Homoeopathy were organized in the ‘Made in India’
show at Johannesburg, South
Africa during 18-21 July,
2001. Yoga demonstrations and literatures on the practice of Ayurveda,use of medicinal plants in the treatment of common
ailments, strengths of Homoeopathy in health care and preventive &
curative roles of Yoga were arranged during the seminar. Getting convinced
with the strength and scientific basis of Ayurveda, South
Africa has decided to enact a
Regulation which will oversee in import of Traditional medicines
particularly Ayurveda & Unani. Indian delegation under the leadership
of Minister of State for Health & Family Welfare also visited the
Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, which is a part of the University of Dehradun
where, it has been decided to introduce a course on Ayurveda.
4. Yoga experts from National Institute of Yogam,
New Delhi
participated in a Yoga conference arranged by
the Indian Embassy in Dushanbe, Kazakhstan.
Lecture cum Demonstration of Yoga were given not only to the general public
but also to the staff of Ministry of Defense, teaching faculty &
students of Medical University,
doctors and staff of the Army Hospital.
5. An
Indian team comprising Joint Secretary of the Department of Indian Systems
of Medicine & Homeopathy and Ayurveda experts from premier institutes
participated in a seminar on Indian Systems of Medicine held in Berlin, Germany.
Infrastructure related details, policy support,
research work of Ayurveda was highlighted through an audio-visual
presentation.
6. A five member delegation led by the Secretary
of Indian Systems of Medicine & Homeopathy visited Moscow and St.
Petersburg in Russia to assess the development made on the implementation
of the MOU signed between India and Russia for undertaking collaborative
& co-operative activities in the field of Ayurveda. A series of
meetings were held during the visit with Deputy Health Minister of Russian
Federation, Academic Council of Doctors of St. Petersburg Moscow Institute
of Medico-Social Rehabilitation, Russian State Medical University,
Academician G.I. Marchuk, Director of the Russian Academy of
Sciences and representatives of Russian companies interested in importing
Ayurvedic medicines and other products. The main issues discussed were
related to deputation of Ayurveda teachers & experts, establishment of Ayurveda Research Center in Russia,
import of Ayurveda medicines, translation of Ayurveda books & research
papers in Russian language and above all recognition of Ayurveda as a
medical and health care system in Russia. All
these issues are actively followed up for fruitful implementation of the
MOU for propagation of Ayurveda in Russia in
right perspective.
7.
Secretary of the Department along with Adviser –Ayurveda visited USA in
November 2001 to discuss Ayurveda education program with the officers of
the National Center for
Alternate & Complementary Medicine, which is under the National
Institute of Health, Bethesda, Washington; for
evolving plans to facilitate the introduction of training modules on
Ayurveda in US medical schools. A clear strategy for overall development
and propagation of Ayurveda in USA has
been laid down and capsule courses of Ayurveda will be introduced in US
medical schools. It was decided that a team of 15 medical experts would
visit India for
interaction with Indian experts for exploring possibility of research
collaboration in the field of Ayurveda. University of Maryland’s Medical School was
found to be very receptive to introducing Ayurveda sessions in the
university and to start short term teaching program for students.
8. An
Ayurveda officer from the department of Indian Systems of Medicine &
Homeopathy participated in a W.H.O. Regional meeting on ‘Integration of
Traditional Medicine in the National Health Systems’ held in November 2001
at Harare, Zimbabwe. 9. A Memorandum of Understanding is being signed
with the Government of Hungary for development of Ayurveda in that country.
Hungarian Government has recognized Ayurveda and 40 of its products are
being sold there.
APPENDIX 5: Frequently asked
questions about AMI (Adapted from the
Government of India Department of Ayurveda, Ayush web site)
Q.1 WHAT IS AYURVEDA?
“AYURVEDA"
is made up of two words-Ayuh and Veda. Ayuh means life and Veda means
knowledge or science. Thus "AYURVEDA’ in totality means ‘Science of
life’. It incorporates all aspects of life whether physical, psychological,
spiritual or social. What is beneficial and what is harmful to life, what
is happy life and what is sorrowful life; all these four questions and life
span allied issues are elaborately and emphatically discussed in Ayurveda.
Q.2 WHAT
IS THE ORIGIN OF AYURVEDA?
Ayurveda is the ancient most total health care
system. The antique Vedic texts have scattered references of Ayurvedic
Remedies and allied aspects of medicine and health. Atharva Veda mainly deals with extensive
Ayurvedic information. That is why Ayurveda is said to be the off shoot of
Atharva Veda.
Q.3 WHAT
IS THE AYURVEDIC VIEWPOINT OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF BODY?
The Ayurvedic scheme of life indicates that
Universe as well as human body is made up of five basic elements
collectively called ‘Panch
Mahabhootas’. These are Aakash (Ether), Vayu (Air), Agni (Fire),
Aapa (Water) and Prithvi (Earth). The sixth mandatory
component of life is Atma (life
spirit) without which life ceases. The human body is made up of Doshas (Bio-humours), Dhatus (Body matrix) and Malas (excretory products). Vata, Pitta and Kapha, known as Tridoshs are
physiological entities of the body which are responsible for carrying out
all the functions of the body. Dhatus
are the structural entities of the body. These are Rasa (Plasma), Rakta
(Blood cells), Mamsa (Muscular
tissue), Meda (Fatty tissue), Asthi (Bony tissue), Majja (Bone marrow) and Shukra (Hormonal and other
secretions of genital). Agni (Metabolic fire) is in thirteen
different forms and carries out the whole metabolism of the body. The waste
products of the body are produced in the body as bye-products of
metabolism. These are known as malas
which include feces, Sweda
(sweat) and Mutra (urine). All
biotransformations within the body occur through Srotases (body channels) which are the sites for action of Agni.
Q.4 WHAT IS THE BASIC PHILOSOPHY
OF HEALTH, DISEASE AND TREATMENT IN AYURVEDA?
As per Ayurveda, ‘Health’ is a state of
equilibrium of normal functions of Doshas,
Dhatus, Malas and Agni.. It means that when Dosh-Dhatu-Malas and Agni are constantly in a state of
functional equilibrium, then health is maintained. Distortion of the equilibrium results into
disease. An erratic lifestyle is
believed to be one of the basic causes of failure in the mechanism of
equilibrium.
Treatment
either with or without drugs and application of specific rules of diet,
physical and mental activities as described brings back the state of
equilibrium..
Q.5 HOW
IS DIAGNOSIS DONE IN AYURVEDA?
Diagnosis is aimed at establishing the
type of pathology and correct status of the illness. Diagnosis is accomplished through examination
of the patient by inspection, palpation, percussion and interrogation.
The second type of examination is to assess the
strength and physical status of the individual so that the type of
management required could be planned accordingly. For this examination of
Prakriti (Body constitution), Saar
(Tissue quality), Samhnan (physique), Satva (Mental strength), Satamya
(specific adaptability), Aaharshakti (diet intake capacity), Vyayaam shakti
(exercise capacity) and Vaya (age) is done. On the basis of this
examination the individual is decided to be having Pravar bal (excellent
strength), Madhyam Bal (moderate strength) or Heen Bal (low strength).
Q.6 WHAT
ARE THE MODES OF AYURVEDIC TREATMENT?
Eight divisions of
Ayurvedic therapeutics exist: Kayachikitsa
(Internal medicine), Shalya (Surgery), Shalkya (Otorhinolaryngology and
Opthalmology), Kaumr Bhritya (Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics) Agad
tantra (Toxicology), Rasayana (Gerentorology), Vajikaran (Aphrodisiacs) and
Bhoot Vidya (Psychiatry).
The principles of treatment are Shodhan
(purification), Shaman (palliative and conservative), Nidan parivarjan
(avoidance of causative and precipitating factors of disease) and Pathya
Vyavastha (do’s and don’ts regarding diets lifestyle). Shodhan therapy
includes Panchkarma treatment.
Snehan (olation) and Swedan (getting perspiration) are employed
before Panchkarma..
Q.7 WHAT
ARE THE MAIN
CLASSICAL REFERENCE BOOKS OF AYURVEDA?
The main classical texts for reference of
Ayurvedic principles comprise of Charak Samhita, Susrut Samhita, Astang
Hridaya, Sharangdhar Samhita, Madhav Nidan, Kashyap Samhita, Bhavprakash
and Bhaisajya Ratnavali etc.
Q.8 WHERE
DO RAW MATERIALS FOR
MANUFACTURING
AYURVEDIC MEDICINES COME FROM?
Natural products whether plant, animal or
minerals are considered appropriate sources of raw material for Ayurvedic
medicines. However 600 medicinal plant (whole or part of it), 52 minerals
and 50 animal products are commonly used.
Q.9 HOW
ARE AYURVEDIC MEDICINES MARKETED?
Ayurvedic medicines
are marketed in various forms. They
are generally found as tablets, pills, powders, fermentation products
(Asva-arishta), decoctions, medicated fats (medicated dehydarated butter
called Ghrita and vegetable oils called Tela). For topical use drops, creams, lotions,
liniments and ointments are available. Dried plant extracts in capsule form
are also in used.
Q.10 IS
THERE SCOPE FOR
AYURVEDA IN THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD?
Ayurveda has a
wide scope as far as the prevention of diseases,
promotion of health and its preservation are concerned. Lifestyle rules
mentioned in Ayurvedic texts if applied rigorously give definite results.
Lifestyle related diseases, such as, drug abuse, degenerative diseases,
auto immune diseases and certain metabolic and allergic disorders are well
manageable with Ayurvedic physical and behavioral modalities and medicines.
Q.11 IS THERE ANY
RATIONALE
BEHIND INTEGRTING AYURVEDA AND WESTERN MEDICINE?
Because of a
multidimensional wide range of efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment, where
certain disease conditions or symptoms become refractory to conventional
treatment, a harmonized approach of these two systems of health care has
proven to be successful and fruitful. Sometimes Ayurveda produces a
synergistic activity while in other instances may antagonize or minimize
the toxicity of modern drugs.
Q.12 IS
AYURVEDA RECOGNISED BY W.H.O?
About 20 years
back, W.H.O. adopted Traditional Medicine program in conjunction with the
goal of health for all with the adoption of primary health care approach.
W.H.O recognizes Ayurvedic therapies which has solid scientific evidence
with no toxicity.
(i) Number of
Registered Ayurvedic Practitioners 361,881, (ii) Number of Ayurvedic
dispensaries 14,252, (iii) Number of Ayurvedic hospitals 2,189, (iv) Bed
strength 33,145, (v) Number of Ayurvedic teaching institutions(Under
Graduate) 187, (vi) Number of upgraded Post Graduate Depts. in
Ayurveda 51, (vii) Number of
specialties in Post Graduation 16.
Q.15 WHAT
IS THE REGULATORY MECHANISM FOR AYURVEDIC FOR EDUCATION AND PRACTICE IN INDIA?
The Central
Council of Indian Medicine is a body established under the provisions of the IMCC Act, 1970 to maintain Central Register of
Practitioners of Indian Medicines and for dealing with connected matters. The
Council is responsible for maintaining the minimum standards of education.
This Council
introduced the following regulated degree programs.
1. Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery
(BAMS), Ayurvedacharya, an Ayurveda degree course,
2. MD Ayurveda, Vachaspati, an
Ayurveda Post Graduate Degree Course Ayurveda
3.. Ph.D Ayurveda, Ayurveda Varidhi
Q.16 HOW SHOULD I
ACCESS AYURVEDIC MEDICINE?
Ayurveda Medicines are being sold in two ways:1. practicing Ayurveda doctors and 2. retail
stores. Both types of sources are available in almost all small and big
towns/ cities where from required Ayurveda medicines can be accessed.
Q.17 HOW DO I FIND A
COMPETENT AYURVEDA PRACTITIONERE?
Any Ayurveda doctor having qualifications
equivalent to those mentioned in 2nd,3rd
and 4th chedules of Indian Medicine Central Council Act, 1970
will be recognized as a medical practitioner. BAMS and MD (Ayurveda) degrees previous
and post the Central Act will be recognized sufficient for the
purpose of registration and practice of Ayurvedic Medicine in India.
Q.18 HOW SAFE IS TO BUY
AYURVEDIC MEDICINE OVER THE COUNTER?
Medicines are safe if the manufacturer is
licensed to import into the US
utilizing GMP and shall describe the label of the container specifically
describes date of manufacturing, expiry date, and ingredients of the
medicine and necessary precaution.
Q.19 CAN ONE TAKE
AYURVEDIC MEDICINE WITH CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
If not indicated otherwise by the attending
physician, Ayurveda Medicines can generally be taken along with allopathic
medicines. Moreover, Ayurveda Medicines are used as adjuvant to allopathic
medicines in many chronic and degenerative diseases. As such there is no
harm to consume simple herbal formulations of Ayurveda even without the
prescription of the doctor. But
mineral based medicines must be used after due consultation and advice of a
licensed Ayurvedic physician.
Q.20 WHAT ARE THE COMMON
AYURVEDIC MEDICINE WHICH CAN BE USED WITHOUT CONSULTING A PHYSICIAN?
Simple herbal medicines like powders, pills
& tablets, syrups and decoctions has been used for the management of
common ailments like cough, cold, fever, indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea,
loss of appetite, body & joint pains etc, even without the prescription
of a doctor. Similarly, herbal tonics/ health foods can also be consumed if
the same do not create any alarming discomfort or upset.
Q.21 WHEN
PHARMACEUTICAL LABORATORY OF INDIAN
MEDICINE (PLIM) WAS ESTABLISHED AND WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS?
Government of India in
1970 established PLIM as an organization to monitor the quality of
Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha drugs. This is an apex laboratory helping to lay
down the standards of Ayurvedic medicines. It is the approved laboratory
under the Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940. This laboratory is situated in the CGO
Complex at Ghaziabad (U.P.).
Q.22 DOES ANY PROGRAM FOR CONVERSION AND CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS EXIST
IN THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT PLANNING?
Yes, various programs have been launched
through Central Assistance for development and cultivation of medicinal
plants. The Reproductive Child Health Program (RCH) undertaken by
Department of Family Welfare has an ISM component i.e. ‘Vanaspati Van’ Scheme for raising
medicinal plants especially of mother and child health importance. This
scheme aims at providing traditional health care through medicinal plants
at the doorstep of the rural and tribal population of India,
where the conventional modes of treatment are not available. Moreover, the
use of medicinal plants for medical care is the culture bound practice of
Indian Society especially rural one. The Department of Indian System of
Medicine provides Financial Assistance to various
Government/Semi-Government institutes under the control of Centre/State/UT
governments to propagate cultivation and development of medicinal plants,
Department of Biotechnology imparts financial assistance for Biodiversity
conservation projects including cultivation, post harvest processing and
storage of medicinal sources. Similarly Department of Forests is also
engaged in such activities.
Q.23 WHAT
IS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
DOING FOR ENDANGERED INDIAN SPECIES OF MEDICINEAL PLANTS USED IN VARIOUS
FORMULATIONS OF AYURVEDA?
Threatened or endangered or vulnerable
medicinal plants species are being attempted to be protected in various
ways. In situ and Ex situ conservation, development of
Agro-techniques for cultivation of plants of medicinal importance for
commercial use, banning export of endangered species or their extracts or
products made there from and encouraging the farmers for propagation and
cultivation of commercially viable medicinal plants are, some of the very
important steps taken by the Government to preserve the Indian species and
to make these available for sustainable use. Restrictions are imposed for
rampant deforestation and collection of raw materials of medicinal
importance from the wild sources.
Q.24 WHAT
ARE THE FUTURE POTENTIAL PROGRAMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF AYURVEDA?
Medicinal Plant Board, essential drug list of
Ayurveda, National Ayurvedic Hospital, induction of ISM component in major
Allopathic hospitals and setting up Panchkarma and Kshar sutra therapy
units in State level and Central Government hospitals are some of the prime
issues to be instrumental in the propagation of departmental activities of
ISM&H.
‘Medicinal Plant Board’ will take care of
conservation and cultivation for sustainable use of medicinal plants from
administrative and technical angles. Department of ISM&H would be the
nodal agency for its operation in interface mainly with Ministry of
Environment and Forests, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of
Bio-technology, Department of Commerce and Ministry of Law.
Q.25 IS
THERE ANY REGULATIONS FOR MANUFECTURINT AYURVEDIC MEDICINE?
Regulation does exist. Manufacturers have to receive a prior
license from the State Drug Controlling Authority for running an Ayurvedic
Pharmacy. Formulations whether classical or patent proprietary have to be
got cleared from the competent authority before starting commercial manufacturing.
Q.26 IS THERE ANY CODE
OF CONDUCT FOR GOOD MANUFECTURING PRACTICES (GMP) AMONG AYURVEDIC
MANUFACTURERS?
In the past there was no provision/regulatory
binding for ensuring good manufacturing of Ayurvedic medicines. Imposition
of GMP
through an amendment in the current licensing procedures has been
implemented w.e.f. 23-6-2000.
This will not only pose stringent guidelines for having standard hygienic
conditions in the pharmacy, but will also help in
Q.27 WHAT ARE
THE WELL-KNOWN
INSTITUTINS /HOSPITALS OF AYURVEDA IN INDIA?
1. Sir Sunderla ayurvedic Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP
2. Institute of Post
Graduate Training and Research in Ayurveda-Hospital Gujrat University
3. Aryavadyashala Ayurved Hospital,
Kottakal (Kerala)
4. Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital
Kadam Kuan, Patna.
5.
Govt. Ayurvedic College Hospital,
Jalukbari, Gauhati – 781014
6.
A&U Tibbiya College, New Delhi, Ayurved
& Unani Tibbia College& Hospital,Karol Bagh,New Delhi –5.
7.
Govt. Ayurveda Hospital,
Bhadra, Ahmedabad.
8.
Government Ayurveda Hospital,
Opp. Panigate Depot, Ajwa
Road, Baroda –
390019.
9.
P.D. Patel Ayurveda Hospital, College
Road, Nadiad.
10.
Govt. Regional Ayurvedic Hospital
Paprola,Distt. Kangra (H.P).
11.
Shri Jayachamarajendra Institute of Indian
Medicine,Dhanwantri Road, Bangalore –9.
12.
Govt. Ayurvedic College and
Hospital, Sayyaji RaoRoad, Visweshwaraiah
Circle, Mysore –
21.
13.
BMK, AM, Belgaum, KLE
Society’s Shri BMK Ayurved MedicalCollege & Hospital, Khasbag, Belgaum.
14.
ALN Rao Memorial Ayurvedic College Hospital,
Koppa.
15.
Sri DM Ayurveda Hospital,
Kuthpady, Udupi-574118.
16.
Ayurveda College Hospital,
Thiruvananthapuram.
17.
VAC, Kottakkal, Vaidyaratnam P.S. Varier Ayurveda College&Hospital,
EdarikodeP.O., Distt. Mallapuram –676501.
18.
Govt. Ayurvedic College
& Hospital, Amkho, Laskar, Gwalior –
474009.
19.
Govt. Ayurvedic College and
Hospital, Raipur,
Madhya Pradesh.
20.
GAC, Nanded, Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital,
Vazirabad, Nanded.
21.
Pakwasa Samanvya Rugnalaya, Ayurved College Hospital, Killa
Road Mahal, Nagpur
–440002.
22.
MA Podar Ayurvedic Hospital,
Worli, Mumbai-18.
23.
Tilak AC, Pune, Vd. Purushottam Shastri Nanal
Rugnalaya25, Karve Road,
Pune-21.
24.
Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University,College of Ayurved,
Katraj-Dhankawadi, Pune-43.
25.
Ayurvedic Medical College c/o Ganga Hospital, New
Building, Rankalaves, Kolhapur-416012.
26.
Gopabandhu Ayurveda Hospital,
Puri.
27.
Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital,
Near Shere Punjab Market, Patiala.
28.
Dayanand Ayurvedic College,
Jalandhar.
29.
RPS Ayurved Hospital,
College Campus,Uaipur. (2) Ayurved Hospital,
Moti Chohtta, Udaipur.
30.
National Institute of Ayurveda,
Jaipur.
31.
State Ayurvedic Hospital
& Kings English Hospital,
Tulsidas Marg, Lucknow –
226004.
32.
Rishikul Govt. Ayurvedic College,
Hardwar-249401.
33.
Lalit Hari Govt. Ayurvedic College
& Hospital, Pilibhit-262001.
34.
JB Roy Government Ayurvedic College,
170-172, Raja Dinendra Street, Calcutta-700048.
35.
Dhanvantari AC, Chandigarh, Pt. Kedarnath Memorial Ayurvedic Hospital,
Sector – 46B, Chandigarh.
36.
Regional Research Centre (AY.) Indira Gandhi
Municipal Stadium Complex –‘A’ First Floor, North wing, Vijayawada-520010
(AP).
37.
Regional Research Institute (Ay,) Taj Manzil,
Sardar Bagh, Junagadh –362001.(Gujarat)
38.
Indian institute of Panchkarma,
Chruthuruthy –679531, Via Shoranur. (Kerala)
39.
Regional Research Institute (DR), Roojapura,
Thiruvananthapuram –950012.(Kerala)
40.
Regional Research Institute (Ay.) Ullahs Nagar,
Kherapapati Kila Road, Gwalior-474002.(Madhya
Pradesh)
41.
Central Research Institute (Ay.) Raja Ramdeo
Anandilal Poddar, Worli, Mumbai –400018.(Maharashtra)
42.
Regional Research Centre (Ay.) 1093, Gorepeth, Nagpur
–440010.(Maharashtra)
43.
Central Research Institute (Ay.),
Bhubaneswar-751009(Orissa)
44.
Indian Institute of Kayachikitsa, Patiala
–147001 (Punjab)
45.
Central Research Institute (Ay.), Road No.66,
Punjabi Bagh, Delhi –
110026.
APPENDIX 6. Brief History and Principles of AMI
History: Ayurveda is composed of two words; Ayu (life) and Veda (science), literally means
life sciences and its origin is traced back to the early date of Rig
Veda (4500-1600 BC).. Ayu
is defined as the combination of physical body, senses, mind, and
spirit. AMI considers a person
healthy only if the physical body, senses, mind and spirit are
healthy. The concept of disease
management using herbs and dietary interventions evolved in to a science
that formed the basis of the name “Ayurveda” around 2500-600 BC.
Susrut (300-400 BC)
delineated AMI into eight distinct specialties which are similar to those
in conventional medicine.
1. Kaya Chikitsa (Medicine), 2. Shalya
Tantra (Surgery), 3. Shalakya
Tantra (minor surgery, diseases of the ear, nose, throat and eyes), 4. Bhuta Vidya (Psychiatry), 5. Kaumarabhritya (Pediatrics and
obstetrics), 6. Agada Tantra (Toxicology), 7.
Rasayana Tantra (Science promoting health and longevity), 8. Vajeekarana
Tantra (The science of geriatrics, aphrodisiacs and rejuvenation).
Three non-clinical specialties of AMI are: 1. Bhasajya Kalpana (Pharmacy, pharmaceutical formulations),2. Rasausadhi
(Science of formulations of metals and minerals),3.Dravya Guan (Pharmacology: of herbs and minerals).
Principles of AMI
The physical body contains three
biomaterials called doshas (vata, pitta and kapha) derived
from five elements, earth, water, air fire, and space. The biomaterials are called doshas
because they get vitiated and also vitiate other components of the
body. Since the three doshas are
responsible for maintaining normal health, they are also called normal
tissues (dhatus). Vata has the major physical attributes of
air and space elements, pitta has predominance of fire and Kapha
has the predominance of earth and water elements. The three doshas may also be
understood as conceptual entities to explain body functions. Kapha may be visualized as basic
mass of the body, Pitta as chemical activity and, Vata as
energy pool and motion in constant interplay with each other. Using
this schema, diseases are the result of imbalance among these doshas. The imbalance results from unhealthy
lifestyles, exposure to various physical, chemical and biological agents,
unhealthy diets, overexertion from physical or mental activities, or a
combination of these factors.
Management of
illness basically consists of elimination of the causative factor for the
imbalance, administration of various remedies and dietary interventions to
bring doshas back into balance,
elimination of serious worries, and nurturing the soul to regain spiritual
health. Ayurvedic diagnostic
methods developed several thousand years ago are still used today with
effectiveness and confirmed by conventional laboratory diagnostic
methods.
AMI differs from
conventional medicine basically in the following aspects. 1. It uses herbs, mineral preparations,
herbal formulas, herbo-mineral formulas, Yoga, meditation, spiritual counseling
and dietary and life style interventions.
2. It does not utilize synthetic drugs or antibiotics. It differs from Chinese medicine with
respect to the concept of disease development. It has three doshas concept of diseases while the Chinese have only two
factors. Its single herbs, herbal
text formulas, metallic and mineral formulas, and diagnostic methods are
different than Chinese medicine. It
is also different from Homeopathic medicine with respect to disease concept
(similar cures similar), treatment concept (only symptoms are treated and
not the patho0logy). Homeopathic daily doses of remedies are in 10 -12
gm to 10-30 gm amounts.
These dose levels given in water as a vehicle are much lower than
many chemicals, elements, and minerals present in public water supply that
may also have some effect based on homeopathic belief.
APPENDIX
7. Sources of Theoretical and
Scientific knowledge of AMI
Following
Ayurvedic Texts are the chief sources of information. Texts considered the basic treatises in
AMI called Senior Triad. The first
is Charak Samhita (100-400 AD)
which deals with medicine. It has description of 200 diseases and 150
pathological conditions which compare well with the current knowledge, the
second is Susrut Samhita (300-400 that describes surgical procedures, and
the third is Ashtang Hridaya Samhita
(700 AD) which is a concise version of Charak
Samhita and Susrut Samhita.
The second set of books are known as the Junior Triad and includes Madhav Nidan Samhita (1200 AD) which
dealt with diagnosis of diseases, Sarangdhar
Samhita (1400 AD) and Bhava Praksh Samhita (1500 AD) which
dealt with Materia Medica. In addition, there are three other
equally important books: Kahyap Samhita which dealt with
pediatrics and obstetrics, Dravyagun
Samagraha dealt with medicinal plants and metals, and Raj Nighantu which also dealt with
medicinal plants. All these books
are available in English translation and used as text books in ayurvedic
Schools in India. In addition there are many books available
on ayurvedic medicine: 1. overview, 2. diagnosis of diseases, 3. other
ayurvedic specialties
In recent
years, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India (The
Controller of Publications, Civil Lines, Delhi-110054, India,
2000-2003) has published the following books that are used in Ayurvedic
colleges as official source of information and standards.
1.
The Ayurvedic Formulary of India. It has 441 Ayurvedic Text formulas which
include aqueous liquids, oils, powders, tablets, pills, and others (Asava,
arishta, ark, avaleh, kvath, curn, guggulu, grita, taila, dravak, kshara,
lepa, vati, gutika, rasayana, parpati, bhasma, mandura, rasa yoga, and
lauha), 27 single drugs of animal origin, 42 single drugs of mineral
origin, 271 single drugs of plant origin accompanied with disease
indication index.
2. The
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
has included 326 Ayurvedic plants out of over 1000 ayurvedic herbs
cited in the Text books with botanical names and identification criteria,
standards for the parts of the plant used, physical tests and
determinations, quantitative data for vegetable drugs, limits for arsenic,
chlorides, heavy metals, mercury, iron, lead, sulfated ash, and sulfates
present in the drugs with complete official testing methods
3.
Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants by Chatterjee, A.,
Pakrashi, S.C (1991) is a five volume, 180 to 325 page/volume
treatise. This book has over 800
medicinal plants discussed in Senior and Junior triads. There have been many scientific studies
and clinical trials conducted on ayurvedic therapies during the last 50
years. Much of this work has
been summarized in a recent book, Scientific
Basis of Ayurvedic Therapies, Mishra L.C. Editor, CRC Press Florida,
2003.
4. Compendium
of Indian Medicinal Plants by Ram Rastogi and B.N. Mehrotra. ( Vol 1.
1960-69) (Vol. 2. 1970-79) (Vol. 3. 1980- 84) (Vol. 4. 1985-89) (Vol. 5,
1990-94) (518 to 1016 pages per volume)
APPENDIX 8.
AMI Research
There are research councils and research
institutes functioning throughout the country conducting research on different aspects of AMI. The
Government of India established a research council, The Central Council
for Research in Indian Medicine, Homoeopathy & Yoga (CCRIMH) in 1971,
which was subsequently modified into four independent councils in 1978. The
Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha CCRAS) is the premium
body for the formation, coordination, development and promotion of scientific
research in the Ayurveda and Siddha
Systems of Medicine. The Council had 89 field units under it and they have been re-organized into 30
Institutes/Units including Headquarters Office (Appendix 4). It has taken up
the Research activities in various fields considered by the council can be broadly categorized into:
Clinical research: It encompasses clinical trials and surveillance
programs, community health programs and tribal health programs
Drug research: It encompasses Medico-Botanical Survey,
and Cultivation of Medicinal plants, pharmacognosy studies and
phytochemical profiling of plants used in AMI, Plant Tissue Culture,
Pharmacological and toxicological studies and drug standardization. It also
has a breeding program for Musk Deer, which is the source of well-known
drug ‘Kasturi’.
Literary research: It
encompasses publication of Rare and Classical manuscripts of Ayurveda and
Siddha, publication of monographs on the basis of the studies undertaken by
the Council, publication of scientific Journal/Bulletin, publication of
activities of the Council in the form of Newsletter, publication of
pamphlets on research findings and preparation of video-films on various
research achievements.
Family Welfare Research: It encompasses research on family welfare
such as anti-fertility studies
Besides CRAS, research activities are carried out in other
Postgraduate Institutes as part of MD dissertation and Ph.D. Thesis. Research studies on Ayurvedic drugs and
therapies are carried out throughout the country in many conventional
medical colleges giving MBBS (= MD) degree. However, some institutes have
done important research work on Ayurvedic herbs. The major institutes
conducting research on Ayurvedic plants are:
1.
Seth GS Medical College, Mumbai,
2.
Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI-
Lucknow),
3.
Regional Research Laboratory (Jammu),
National Institute for Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-
Mohali),
4.
Tropical Botanical
Garden and Research Institute (TBGRI)-Trivandrum,
5.
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants (CIMAP- Lucknow),
6.
National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI-
Lucknow),
7.
Pharmacology Departments attached to Institute of Medical
Sciences- Banaras Hindu University- Varanasi,
8.
KG Medical college Lucknow,
SPARC- Mumbai, University Department
of Pharmaceutical sciences,
9.
Punjab University
10.
Himalaya Drug Company, Dabur Research Center,
11.
Zandu Research foundation
(Appendix 4: Regional Research Institutes,
Appendix 5: Post Graduate Study Centers)
APPENDIX
9. AMI Education and Training in the US and in India
Education
in the US
Since
AMI is not regulated in US, educational standards are also not
regulated. There is no Board to examine
the students to assure minimum standard knowledge base. To say the least, Ayurvedic education in
the US is
chaotic and insufficient to treat patients. Much of the education is
centered on non-drug therapies described in AMI, e.g., Yoga, meditation,
and spiritual counseling. Some
people in the US are
giving out certificates after only 200 to 300 lecture hours or after a few
week-end courses as compared to 2900 lecture hours, 700 practicum hours and
one year of hospital training in India. Since
it is not a regulated medical system in the US, it is difficult to attract
students with a minimum of two years of college level courses in physics,
chemistry, and biology and then expect them to spend four and half years in
college and another one year for internship
in a hospital. An increasing number
of persons with no science background will be given certificates of
knowledge base which is not true and will create a hazard for US citizens.
An
internet search revealed that there are at least 22 such schools currently
operating in the US
(Appendix 6). If each school on
average turning out 50 students per year, then 1100 Ayurvedic practitioners
are added every year to the existing pool which may be over ten thousand since these schools have been
operating for over a decade. If AMI
is regulated and licenses are given to those qualifying for full physician
license, there will be plenty of students who would opt to enroll in a full
degree program rather than 400 – 600 hour program and better qualified candidates can be selected for
admission. The existing U S trained
practitioners may also opt to take additional courses to get full license
to practice AMI. Currently, there are
a few hundred BAMS Ayurvedic physicians in the US
helping to familiarize Americans in Ayurvedic therapies.
Education
in India
At present,
more than 190 undergraduate Ayurvedic colleges in India offer a BAMS degree
(Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery) program of 4 ½ years duration
and one year of internship meeting the standards of the Central Council of
Indian Medicine which is a statutory body that regulates the ISM education
in the country (Appendix 7. ahttp://www.ccimindia.org/curriculum_ayurveda_1_6.htm) Minimum standard for admission is two
years of college in physics chemistry and biology group, a requirement
similar for the admission to M.B.B.S. degree program, a counterpart to US
MD degree. In fact in many states there is a common entrance test to admit
candidates to either course. The
Department of ISM, has prepared a course material containing basic concepts
and fundamentals of ISM&H for incorporation in MBBS (e.g., MD in US)
curricula, the conventional medicine education. This has been forwarded to
Medical Council of India for appropriate action .which regulates education
and practice of AMI in the country is initiating steps to revise the
curriculum to suit the present day requirement by placing emphasis on
science oriented teaching.
Postgraduate
Education
The
Post Graduate Education is available in over 30 research institutes and
offer specialization in 16 clinical and preclinical Ayurvedic specialty
areas such as medicine, surgery, pediatrics, pharmacology, pathology,
pharmacy, Rasa Vigyan and others.
Besides the mainstream institutes there is The Government of India’s
National Academy of Ayurveda which was established to impart intensive
training in different specialties for graduates and post graduates of AMI
under the guidance of eminent scholars similar to the earlier custom known
as “Guru Shishya Parampara”. The prominent post graduate
institutions are listed here.
1. Gujrat Ayurvedic University
financed by Government of India, has five colleges.
a.. Shri Gulabkunverba Mahavidyalaya funded
by the Gujarat State,
b. Institute of Ayurvedic
Pharmaceutical Sciences,
c..
Institute of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plant Sciences,
d.. International Center for
Ayurvedic Studies,
e. Mahrishi Patanjali Institute for Yoga and Naturopathy
Education and Research.
2. Institute of Medical
Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi,
Uttar Pradesh.
3.
National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan
APPENDIX 10.
AMI drug regulation in India
There is a Drug Control Group in the Department of Indian system of Medicine
(ISM). It deals with various issues pertaining to quality control, import,
export, FIPB Cases, classification of drugs under Drugs and Cosmetics Act,
Patent related issues and establishment of Traditional Knowledge Digital
Library (TKDL). It monitors and co-ordinates implementation of legislation
relating to drugs of ISM & H.
The agency may be a good source for information on matters related
to regulations.
AMI is covered by the Drugs and Cosmetic Act (1940) and rules (1945)
of the country and the manufacturer is expected to comply with the rules
delineated under this Act. In 1960 Chapter-IV and other related chapters
were added. Chapter IV deals
with Manufacture, Sale and Distribution of
Drugs and Cosmetics, Chapter IV-A which is subsequently added deals with
provisions related to Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani Drugs. Under this chapter
19 sections dealing with different aspects have been described. All the drug manufacturing and dispensing
activity in the country is covered under this Act. According to the Clause 3(a) of this act,
definition of Ayurvedic drug includes all medicines intended for internal
and external use for or in the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or
prevention of disease or disorder in human beings or animals and
manufactured exclusively in accordance with the formulae prescribed in the
authoritative texts of AMI (which have been specified in the First Schedule
of the Act). Clause- 3h describes
Patent and Proprietary Medicines. This refers to formulations prepared
utilizing the drugs listed in the formulae mentioned in the authoritative
texts and mentioned under Schedule-I, but excludes drugs administered by
parenteral route and formulations mentioned in the books mentioned in the
First Schedule. Schedule E1
of the Act contains list of poisonous substances under the Ayurvedic and
Unani system. In addition to the above, other acts that are relevant to
manufacturing of Ayurvedic drugs are:
1. Medicine and Toiletry Preparation Act,
2. Magic Remedies and Objectionable Advertisement Act,
3. Poisons Act,
4. Weights and measurement Act,
5. Shops and Establishment Act
6.. Dangerous Drugs (Psychotropic and Narcotic Substances)
7. Patents Act and in future Bio-diversity Act
(which is in the offing).
Three types of agencies are involved in the
administration of the Acts and Rules mentioned above. There are Drugs
Technical Advisory Boards and Drugs Consultative Committees, which act as
Advisory bodies. Drug Testing Laboratories provide support by shouldering
the analytical responsibilities and licensing and controlling authorities
function as the executive wing. The
Technical Advisory Board and the Drugs Consultative Committee have been set
up to advice the Government on matters relating to ISM drugs. The Drug controller General of India is
in charge of licensing and enforcing of the above Acts and rules. At the
state level there are Drug controllers or Food and Drugs Administration
Commissioners who shoulder this responsibility. The drugs manufactured in
Ayurvedic sector are also under their controlling authority. In some states
like Kerala, there are officers trained in AMI who provide technical
assistance to the enforcing authorities.
APPENDIX
11. Manufacturing of AMI Drugs in India
There
are more than 8500 manufacturers of Ayurvedic formulas in the country. Ten firms have a turn over of Rs. 50
crores (US $ 5 million) annually.
Twenty five firms have an annual turn over between Rs. 5-50 crores
(US $1 to 10 million ), 965 firm
have a turn over between Rs. 1-5 crores (less than US $ 1 million) and the
remaining are very small firms with an annual turn over of less than Rs.1
crore. The market share of Ayurvedic drugs is around Rs. 3,5000 million (US $ 700 million).
At
present there are more than 8000 licensed pharmacies manufacturing
Ayurvedic drugs in the country. There is a Mumbai based Ayurvedic Drug
Manufacturer’s Association which can be contacted for further details about
issues related to Ayurvedic drug manufacturing.
Manufacturing
of Ayurvedic drugs except in accordance with the prescribed standards is
prohibited. It is essential to obtain a license from the licensing
authority to manufacture Ayurvedic drugs. Separate licensing is required
for each of the manufacturing premises maintained by the manufacturer.
Manufacturing activity can also be undertaken through a loan license. For
drug manufacturing it is necessary to maintain a certain level of hygiene
and optimum manufacturing conditions. These conditions are specified in the
Schedule-T of the Act (mentioned under the Schedule to the rules). On 23rd June 2000 an
amendment was made in the above act to specify Good Manufacturing Practices
(GMP) for Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani drugs. It is notified to ensure
that raw materials used in the manufacture
of drugs are authentic, of prescribed quality and are free from
contamination, 2) drugs are manufactured according to standard conditions,
3) that adequate quality control measures are adopted and 4) the
manufactured preparations released in to the market are of acceptable
quality.
Indian
System of Medicine Manufacturing Industry is in the process of a technical
up grade to comply with GMP
norms prescribed by The Government of India. To achieve the objectives
listed above, each licensee is expected to evolve methodology and
procedures for following the prescribed process of manufacture of drugs,
which should be documented as a manual and kept for reference and
inspection. However, teaching institutions and registered qualified
Vaidyas, Siddhas and Hakeems who prepare medicines on their own to dispense
to their patients and not selling such drugs in the market are exempted
from the purview of this practice. There are two parts in it. Part-I
contains specification regarding the maintenance of factory premises and
Part- II contains the list of machinery, equipment and minimum
manufacturing premises required.
For
the implementation of drug testing provisions under the Drugs and Cosmetics
Act, 1940 and Rules 1945 it is necessary to evolve Pharmacopoeia standards.
At present Pharmacopoeia standards are available for 258 Ayurvedic
herbs. Standards for 654 Text
formulations have been published in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India. The
Department of Indian system of Medicine (ISM) is developing additional pharmacopoeia
standards through pharmacopoeia Committees.
Three volumes of Part I of the pharmacopoeia called Ayurvedic
Pharmacopoeia have been published containing 258 monographs. The target is
to cover 600 single herbs to be included in the pharmacopoeia.
APPENDIX 12: Regional Research Institutes (RRI) under Central Council for Research
in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS), 61-65, Institutional Area, Opp. D-Block,
New Delhi- 110058, Ph: 011-5528748/5536520/5624457 (O), 5614971 (R)
RRI’s Addresses:
1. Road No.
66, Punjabi Bagh, New Delhi –
110026, 011-5919128/5411059 Fax: 5464546
2. R.A. Podar College,
Worli, Mumbai – 400018, Ph: 022-4947822 (Fax) 4947833 (O) 0250-462991 (R)
1.
4, CN Block,
Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Calcutta – 700 091, Ph/fax: 033-3673808
2.
RCRI,AA Govt. Hospital Campus, Arumbakkam, Chennai – 600 106 Ph:
044-6214809 (O), 6214925 (G), 6265857 (R).
3.
Cheruthuruthy,
Via. Shoranur, Trichur, Kerala – 679531
Ph/fax: 0488-462366, 462543 (O), 462544 (H), 622175 (R)
4.
No. 1, Bhubaneswar – 751009, Ph/fax: 0674-530125, 531941 (H),
570650/570705 (R).
5.
Moti Bagh Road, Patiala – 147 001, Ph/fax: 0175-212393, 228361(H), 212348 (R).
6.
Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital, Amhho, Gwalior- 474009, Ph/fax: 0751-323307, 430317 (Fax),
327959 (R).
7.
474/6, Sitapur Road, Lucknow – 206020, Ph/fax: 0522-369156, 362341/732238(R).
8.
Indira
Colony, Jhotwara, Bani Park, Jaipur – 320016, Ph/fax: 0141-200812/206063,
392174/399646 (R).
9.
1044-Jagnada
Chowk, KDK
College Rd., Nandanwan, Nagpur- 440009,, Ph/fax: 0712-714230, 242310 (R).
10.
Govt.
Central Pharmacy Annexe, Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar, Bangalore – 560 011, Ph/fax: 080-6562030, 2272208 (R).
11.
Poojapura, Trivandrum – 695012, Ph/fax: 0471-340628, 342070 (R).
12.
Indira
Gandhi Municipal Stadium Complex A, First Floor, North Wing, Vijayawada – 520 010, Ph/fax: 0866-472535, 481512 (R).
13.
Govt.
Pharmacy (Upstairs), Indira Nagar, Gorimedu, Pondicherry- 605 5006, Ph: 0413-272420 (O), 202097 (R).
14.
D Block,
Rajindra Memorial Res. Institute Bldg., Agam Kuan, Patna – 800 007, Ph/fax: 0612-631678, 345775 (R).
15.
Borsojai
(Bhetapara), Beltola, Guwahati – 781 028, Assam, Ph: 0361-303714
16.
Tadung, Gangtok, Sikkim – 737102, Ph/fax: 03592-31494, 81649/81662
(R).
17.
New Itanagar
– 791 111 (Arunachal Pradesh), Ph/fax: 0361-212284, 211498 (O), 212520 (R).
18.
20, Rewari Chowk, Jammu – 180005, Ph/fax: 0191-546475.
19.
Gandhi
Bhawan, Mandi – 175 001 (HP), Ph/fax:01905-35236.
20.
Tarikhet –
263663 (Uttaranchal), Ph/fax: 05966-64227, 64222(R).
21.
Gwalior Road, Jhansi, – 284 003 (UP), Ph/fax: 05174-442132
22.
Tajmanzil,
Sardar Bagh, Junagadh – 362 001, Ph/fax: 0285-631631.
23.
Nehru Garden, Kothrud, Pune- 411 029, Ph: 020-5383138, 5386715 (fax), 5442338
(R).
24.
Indian
Institute of History of Medicine, Osmania Medical College Buildgs,
Putlibowli, Hyderabad – 500 095, Ph/fax: 040-4657388, 3511259 (R).
25.
CSMDRIA, A.A. Govt. Hospital Campus, Arumbakkam, Chennai- 600 106, Ph:
044-6214823/6207566 (O), 6282487 (R).
26.
Dr. A.
Laksmipati Research, Centre for Ayurveda, VHS Medical Centre, Adyar, Chennai – 600 113, Ph: 044-2541537.
27.
Regional
Research Institute (Ay), Hastinapur- 250 404, Ph/fax: 95123380176,
95123380338 (R).
28.
CCRAS Main Office, #61-65, Institutional Area, Opp. D.
Block, New Delhi-110058, Ph:5528748/5624457
Further detail can be
obtained from the Council’s Head quarters:Address : Jawahar Lal Nehru
Bhartiya Chikitsa Avum Homeopathy Anusandhan Bhavan, No. 61-65,
Institutional Area, Opp. 'D' Block, Janakpuri, New Delhi - 110058 ( India
)Tel : 91-011-5614970 / 71 / 72 Fax : 91-011-5528748E-mail: ccras@ndf.vsnl.net.in or ccras@del6.vsnl.net.in
APPENDIX
13. Post graduate study centers
1. Central Drug Research
Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow- 226
001
.2.
Dabur Research Foundation- 22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad- 201
010
3.
Himalaya Drug Company, Research and Development Centre, Makali,
Bangalore-563 123
4. Institute of Medical
Sciences, Faculty of Ayurveda, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 226
004
5. Institute of Postgraduate
Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat
Ayurved
University,
Post Box no –4, Jamnagar- 361
008
6. National Institute of Ayurveda, Madhav
Vilas Palace, Ajmer Road, Jaipur- 302 002
7.
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER),
Sector-67, SAS- Nagar, Mohali, Punjab
8.
National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI- Lucknow), Rana Pratap Marg
Lucknow- 226 001
9. R.A. Podar Medical College, Dr.
Annie Bessant Road,
Worli, Mumbai- 400 018
10.
Regional Research Laboratory, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir-181 001
11. State Ayurvedic College,
Tulsidas Marg, Turia Ganj, Luckonw- 226 004
12. Swami Prakashananda Ayurveda Research
Centre (SPARC)-
13th N A S. Road, Mittal Nagar, JBPD-Scheme, Juhu, Mumbai- 400 049.
13. Tropical Botanical
Garden and Research Institute (TBGRI)-Pacha- Palode
Trivandrum-695 562.
14.
Zandu Research foundation attached to Zandu Pharmaceutical Works Ltd.,
70,Gokhale Road South (Dadar), Mumbai- 400 025.
APPENDIX 14.
Confirmation of effectiveness of AMI in diseases by CCRAS clinical
trials
1.
Anal fistula
2.
Asthma
3.
Diabetes
4.
Epilepsy
5.
Hemorrhoids
6.
Filariasis,
7.
Heart disease
8.
Hypertension
9.
Malaria
10.
Hemiplegia
11.
Myopia
12.
Obesity
13.
Paraplegia
14.
Peptic ulcer
15.
Psoriasis
16.
Osteo-arthritis
17.
Rheumatoid arthritis
18.
Schizophrenia
19.
Urolithiasis.
APPENDIX 15.
AMI drugs known to have confirmed therapeutic effects
Disease/symptoms Herb Popular name
1.
Edema Achyranthes aspera Linn. Apamarga
2.
Mental distress Acorus
calamus Linn. Vacha
3.
Bronchiolar constriction Adhatoda zeylanica Medic. Vasa
4.
Intestinal worms Butea monosperma (Lam Palasha
5.
Arthritis, inflammation & Commiphora mukul, Wightii Guggul
6.
High cholesterol Commiphora mukul, Wightii Guggul
7. Bone fracture Cissus
quadrangularis Linn.
Vajravalli
8.
Malaria Alstonia scholaris R. Br. Saptaparna
9.
Liver disorders Andrographis paniculata Nees Bhunimba
10.Cardiac disorders Artemisia
vulgaris Linn. Nimba
Terminalia arjuna Arjuna
11.
Bacterial or virus Azadirachta
Indica A. Juss Nimba
12.
Memory problem Bacopa
monnieri (Linn.Pennell Brahmi
13.
Inflammation & Boerhaavia diffusa Punarnava
15.
Severe constipation Cassia
angustifolia Vahl. Rechani
16.
Muscle spasm Cedrus deodara (Roxb.). Devadaaru
17.
Memory problem Celastrus
paniculatus Willd. Jyotishmati
18.
Nerve weakness Centella
asiatica (Linn.) Urban. Mandukaparni
19.
Malaria and fevers Caesalpinia
crista Linn. Natakaranja
20
Inflammation Curcuma longa Linn. Haridraa
21.
Diabetes Eugenia jambolana Lam. Jamboo
22.
Dysentery Holarrhena antidysenterica
Wall. Kutaja
23.
Convulsions Masilea minuta Linn. Sunisannak
24. Liver toxicity Picrorhiza
kurroa Royle. Kutuka
25.
Mild constipation Plantago ovata
Forsk Ishadgola
26.
Skin white spot Psoralea corylifolia Linn. Akuchi
27.
Low breast milk Pueraria
tuberosa DC. Vidarikanda
28.
Low muscle mass Sida
rhombifolia Linn. Mahabala
29.
Fever Swertia
chirata Buch.-Ham. Kairata
30.
Ischemic Heart weakness Terminalia arjuna W. and A Arjuna
31.
Mental distress, Withania somnifera Dunal Ashwagandha
exhaustion, and inflammation
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